Boron processing technology
1. Preparation of borax from boron-magnesium ore
Borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 • 10H 2 O) is also known as sodium tetraborate decahydrate. It is the parent product of Boron Chemical. The methods that have been developed and industrialized in China to produce industrial borax are mainly sulfuric acid method, atmospheric pressure alkaline solution method, pressurized alkali solution method, acid-base joint production method, carbon alkali method and the like. At present, most companies use the carbon-alkali method.
The carbon-alkali process is: adding boron-magnesium ore powder to sodium carbonate solution, passing through lime kiln gas (CO 2 ) for carbon solution, filtering and washing water for carbon solution, and the filtrate is appropriately evaporated and concentrated, and cooled and crystallized. The borax was obtained by centrifugation.
The process of preparing borax by carbonic acid method has the advantages of short process, boring of borax mother liquor, high utilization rate of alkali, high yield of B 2 O 3 , less demand for equipment and plant, and investment in infrastructure construction, especially the process can be processed. Low-grade boron-magnesium ore, suitable for the characteristics of China's boron resources. Therefore, it is a widely used method at present.
2. Method for producing industrial boric acid
Boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) is the precursor for the production of boron chemicals. The method of production varies with the variety of raw materials. The main methods for producing boric acid in China include sulfuric acid method, borax sulfuric acid acidification method, ammonium carbonate method and sodium polyborate method.
(1) Preparation of industrial boric acid by the sulfuric acid method This method is a method for producing boric acid used by most manufacturers in China. The process flow is: after the boron ore is coarsely crushed, after grinding to a certain fineness, the clear water, the washing water, the mineral powder and the sulfuric acid are sequentially put into the acid hydrolysis reactor according to a certain ratio of ingredients. After the slurry is stirred at a certain reaction temperature for a certain period of time, the mixture of boric acid and magnesium sulfate is filtered while hot, crystallized by cooling boric acid, and then separated and dried to obtain a finished product.
(2) Preparation of industrial boric acid by borax sulfuric acid acidification At present, some domestic factories (such as Yingkou Chemical Plant) use this method to produce boric acid.
The process of the method is: adding borax to the dissolution tank to add water and mother liquor to dissolve into a certain concentration of the solution, and filtering to remove insoluble matter. The filtrate is sent to a neutralization tank and neutralized with sulfuric acid at a prescribed temperature. The reaction completion liquid is further cooled, crystallized, separated, and dried to obtain boric acid.
(3) Preparation of industrial boric acid from the ammonium carbonate process The Kaiyuan Chemical Plant in Liaoning Province uses the ammonium bicarbonate method to produce boric acid. The process of the ammonium bicarbonate method is: the boiled boron ore powder, the ammonium bicarbonate solution and the mother liquor for separating boric acid are thoroughly stirred and mixed in the batching tank, and then sent to a leaching kettle for leaching, filtering, washing, Discard the residue. The concentrated liquid is sent to the ammonia, and the diluted liquid is used as the next dilution. In the concentrated liquid ammonia, the ammonium dihydroborate is decomposed, and the solution becomes a dilute solution of boric acid. After being evaporated into a crystallizing tank, the crystal is cooled, crystallized, separated and dried to obtain a finished boric acid.
(4) Preparation of industrial boric acid by sodium polyborate method The process is as follows: the boron-magnesium ore is calcined and pulverized into a certain fineness of ore powder, and the soda ash is added with a slurry having a suitable liquid-solid ratio, and a different concentration of CO 2 gas is introduced. The carbonization reaction is carried out under a certain temperature and pressure, and the slurry after the reaction is filtered to remove the slag. The obtained sodium polyborate solution is concentrated, neutralized with sulfuric acid, cooled, crystallized, separated, and dried to obtain boric acid. The mother liquor is re-steamed, and the by-product sodium sulfate is separated by hot extraction, and then returned to the neutralization process for recycling.
In addition to the above several methods, methods for preparing boric acid are currently being studied, such as hydrochloric acid method, electrolytic electrodialysis method, hydrochloric acid decomposition-organic solution extraction method, and the like.
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