Beneficiation and processing technology of fluorite ore (1)
The fluorite beneficiation processing method mainly selects the ore according to the type of ore, the composition of the ore, the grade of the grade, etc., and selects an economically reasonable and technically feasible process. At present, the ore dressing methods of fluorite mines in China include hand selection, gravity (jigging) and floating mineral processing.
Hand selection is mainly used for fluorite and gangue boundaries are very clear, waste rock is easy to remove, various grades of ore is easy to identify with the naked eye fluorite ore. It is the easiest and most economical method of mineral processing.
The manual beneficiation process (Fig. 1) is generally: raw ore → flushing → screening → hand selection. After the sifting and screening, the ore is divided into large blocks, middle blocks and particles (particle size 6~15mm) into the hand selection field. By manual sorting by grade, the grades are piled up, the particles enter the jig jigging, and the debris enters. The flotation plant is processed into a fluorite concentrate.
Gravity (Jig) beneficiation is mainly used to select particle ore with high ore grade and particle size of 6-20 mm. Gravity beneficiation has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and remarkable efficiency. It has been widely used in mines with large particle minerals and high grades.
Fluorite lump ore and hand picking reselection is mainly used for metallurgical obtained (called metallurgical grade lump ore).
Floating mineral processing, referred to as flotation. This beneficiation method is widely used in fluorite mines at home and abroad, and is a beneficiation method for obtaining high quality fluorinated (fluorine) concentrate. Whether it is a single fluorite or a symbiotic fluorite ore, whether it is a fluorite ore with a simple ore structure or a complex fluorite ore, whether it is a crystalline coarse grain or a fluorite ore with a finer grain embedded A flotation method can be employed.
At present, China's flotation process is mainly divided into three stages, namely, crushing, grinding and dewatering (Figure 2). The crushing stage process is generally a three-stage and one-stage closed-circuit process, and the small-scale mine also adopts a three-stage or two-stage open-circuit process. In the grinding and floating process, the grinding frequency is determined according to the mineral grain size and the embedding condition. The mineral inlay is fine in size, the ore with difficult monomer separation is secondary grinding, and the other ore can be ground once. The flotation process is determined by the nature of the ore, that is, whether it is a single fluorite or a fluorite ore. The single ore fluorite ore is generally selected by rough selection and sweeping, and then selected 5 to 6 times. The flotation of the (common) fluorite ore is generally the first choice of polymetallic ore, and then the fluorite, the flotation process is the same as a single fluorite ore flotation. A beneficiation agent is used in the flotation process as a collector for useful minerals, an inhibitor of impurities, a pH adjuster, and the like. The flotation reagents generally used in fluorite flotation include oleic acid, soda ash, water glass, aluminum sulfate, and zinc sulfate.
The dehydration process of fluorite concentrate consists of three steps of concentration, filtration and drying. The fluorite concentrate provided for export can be used without the drying process, and only requires less than 10% of water after filtration, and the fluorite concentrate used by domestic manufacturers for producing hydrofluoric acid needs less than 0.5% of moisture after drying. .
The fluorite beneficiation indicators of several major flotation plants in China are listed in Table 1. Zhejiang Dongfeng company fluorite ore dressing plant (Figure 3) lead and zinc mine in Hunan Taolin concentrator (Figure 4) the process has some representation.
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