·Beijing ETC networking will add 4 provinces to recharge in other places is expected to be realized by the end of the year
You can operate 18 provinces in Beijing with an ETC card (electronic non-stop toll card). Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Transport that the four provinces of Henan, Hubei, Guangdong and Guizhou were successfully integrated into the national ETC networking area, which indicates that China's 18 highways have been opened for electronic toll parking (ETC), and national ETC networking. The pattern of running through the north and south and inter-connecting things has taken shape.
Initial realization of ETC North-South Intercommunication According to the unified deployment of the Ministry of Transport, after six months of system transformation, engineering construction and joint testing, Henan, Hubei, Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were successfully connected to the grid, bringing the number of ETC-connected provinces nationwide to 18 A total of 8883 ETC lanes and more than 40,000 manual credit card (MTC) lanes were built in the area, and the total number of electronic toll users reached 15.08 million.
Since the end of last year, the Ministry of Transport has announced the opening of the Electronic Freeway Toll (ETC) network for 14 provinces including Beijing, Jiangsu, Hunan and Shaanxi. The integration of Henan and Hubei has opened up the Central China and North China regions. The integration of Guangdong has penetrated the South China region such as the Pearl River Delta, enabling ETC networking to successfully cover the eastern and central regions of China; Guizhou's grid connection and the former networked Shaanxi have become The important link is to lay the foundation for the next step in the western region.
A technical staff member of the Ministry of Transport said that before the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta each achieved ETC interconnection, the two regions operated relatively independently and could not achieve North-South connectivity.
Inner Mongolia Heilongjiang and other places have been networked this year. At present, the total number of ETC users in China has reached nearly 20 million, an increase of nearly 50% compared with the 13 million at the beginning of the year. The number of users in 18 provinces has exceeded 15.08 million. The urban parking fees in some areas have been successfully realized. It will gradually expand to areas such as micropayments.
At the same time, preferential policies for the issuance, installation and recharge of ETC user terminals will be launched one after another. The recharge of the entire network is also expected to be realized by the end of this year. According to the plan of the Ministry of Transport, in the next few months, Jilin, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Guangxi and Xinjiang will be merged into the national ETC network network operation, which will enable More and more ETC users benefit directly.
Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are expected to realize ETC parking. The ETC intercommunication between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been running for 6 years. Since yesterday, the new "Electronic Non-Parking Toll System Roadside Unit Application Technical Specification" has been officially implemented, which is an integrated service for the three places. Provides a unified standard.
The reporter learned that the introduction of the new standard will improve the stability, reliability and traffic success rate of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional ETC system, avoid adjacent channel interference and follow-up interference, and add remote monitoring functions and network monitoring functions. After the implementation of the standard, users who handle ETC cards will pass between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces. In addition, it is expected that the parking fee function will be included in the ETC card of the three places, making the users of the three places more convenient.
â– Use the prompt one car and one card free repeat deduction The Ministry of Transport Road Network Center to remind the majority of ETC users, please strictly abide by the "one car, one label and one card" regulations, to ensure that only one set of electronic labels and non-cash payment are installed on the vehicle. Card, otherwise it will lead to repeated deduction of tolls, interference with the unreachable effects of the ETC lanes.
Users who have more than one car and one car with multiple cards should keep the electronic and non-cash payment cards of the only issuer, separate the excess electronic tags and non-cash payment cards, and do not carry them with the car, and send them to the corresponding provinces as soon as possible. Logout, so as not to be repeatedly debited after networking, giving the line inconvenience.
â– Explain why you want to engage in ETC networking charges?
The person in charge of the relevant department of the Ministry of Transport responded that ETC Electronics does not charge for parking, reducing the number of frequent starts and brakes. It is estimated that China's ETC fuel consumption is about 44.46 million liters, and the average annual energy saving benefit is about 290 million yuan. The use of ETC can also effectively reduce pollutant emissions. Based on the current trading volume of the whole network, the average annual emission reduction is 7921.4 tons, which is equivalent to planting about 350,000 adult trees.
In addition, practice has proved that an ETC lane is equivalent to five manual toll lanes. According to statistics, the average time for a regular car to pass a manual toll station is 14 seconds, and the average time for passing the ETC payment through the toll booth is only 3 seconds.
Why can't I have a one-time national network?
"China's ETC users are growing high in North and South, and the North-South standards are not uniform. The enthusiasm of users is different." The technical staff of the Ministry of Transport said frankly that the ETC system in the provinces is very complicated, the networking is very difficult, and the ETC system compatibility problem is the most difficult.
For example, he said that if Guangdong is to adjust the classification of the province's vehicles before the grid connection, it will also switch the province's trucks to fully charge the toll system and complete the provincial network upgrade during the same period. In addition, some provinces have special applications such as multi-path identification, and the recognition rate is low, which also causes some car owners to use less enthusiasm.
According to the work plan, before the end of September 2015, other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) that have not yet achieved ETC networking will be opened.
Many Vehicle Sensors, sensor fault judgment, should not only consider the the sensor itself, but should consider the failure of the entire circuit. Therefore, in the search failure, in addition to check sensor, but also check the wiring harness, connectors and related circuit between the sensor and the electronic control unit.
Basic
Function:
The sensor refers to the physical
experience requirements, and according to certain rules to convert the input
signal of the device or devices available. Simply, sensor is the electricity
conversion device. The sensor is usually composed of non electric sensitive
element, conversion element and measurement circuit composed of three parts.
1), the sensitive element refers to the direct feeling (or response) by
measuring part will be measured by the sensing element and the measured is
converted into electricity or other quantity relationship. 2), the non
electricity converting element converts electrical parameters. 3), the
measuring circuit is the role of the input electrical parameters after
conversion element processing to convert the voltage, current or power
frequency can be measured, for display, record, control and processing part.
Category:
The air flow sensor is the inhaled air is
converted into electrical signals sent to the electronic control unit (ECU), as
one of the basic signal injection. According to measuring principle is
different, can be divided into rotary vane type air flow sensor, Carmen vortex
type air flow sensor, hot wire air flow sensor and the hot film air flow sensor
four the first two types. As the volume flow type, which is the quality of flow
type. Using hot wire air flow sensor and the hot film air flow sensor two. The
intake pressure sensor can measure the absolute pressure in the intake manifold
of the engine according to the load condition, and converted into electrical
signals and speed signals together into the computer, as determines the
injector fuel injection quantity basis. Is the widely used semiconductor
varistor type air pressure sensor. The solar term door position sensor mounted
on the day The valve, used to detect solar term door opening. It through the
linkage lever mechanism and the solar term door, which reflect the different
engine working conditions. The sensor can be put in different conditions after
the input detection engine electronic control unit (ECU), so as to control the
fuel injection quantity. It has three different types: switch contact type
solar term door position sensor linear, variable resistance type solar term
door position sensor, integrated solar term door position sensor, crankshaft
position sensor crankshaft position sensor crankshaft position sensor or crank
angle sensor, the sensor is the most important in computer controlled ignition
system, its function is to detect the TDC signals, crank angle signals and
engine speed signal, and input it the computer so that the computer can be in
the firing order of the cylinder from the best ignition time instruction.
Crankshaft position sensor has three types: electromagnetic pulse Crankshaft
position sensor, crankshaft position sensor Holzer effect, photoelectric effect
type crankshaft position sensor. The crankshaft position sensor of different
types, the control method and the control precision is different. The
crankshaft position sensor is installed on the crankshaft pulley or sprocket
side, some mounted on the front of the cam shaft, there are installed in the
distributor. The knock sensor installation in the engine block, the monitoring
of engine knock. The resonance and non resonance type two categories.
Static performance parameters:
The static performance parameters of the
sensor sensitivity refers to the ratio of the sensor output y and input X of
the steady state, and the increment of input or output x y increment ratio,
denoted by K k=dy/dx, the minimum resolution of change of the quantity being
measured in the measurement of force sensor can be detected within the
prescribed scope of the called the resolution. 3 the measuring range and the
range of the allowable error limit, the lower limit of the measured value to
the upper bound of the range between the called measurement range. The
linearity (nonlinear error) under specified conditions, the calibration curve
fitting and the percentage of the maximum deviation between the line sensor and
full-scale output value is called linearity or the nonlinear error. Hysteresis
refers to under the same operating conditions, the extent of the inconsistency
and anti stroke characteristic positive stroke characteristics of sensor. The
repeatability reproducibility refers to the same working conditions, The
inconsistency of the input in the same direction in the whole measuring range
change continuously in multiple characteristic curve. The income of zero drift
and temperature drift of sensor without input or to another value, at regular
intervals, the input value of percentage deviation from the maximum deviation
of the original value and the full range of zero drift. When the temperature
rise of 1 degrees Celsius, the maximum deviation of the sensor output value and
the full range of percentage, called the temperature drift.
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