The progress of the compass for navigation: from the compass, nautical compass invented by China to mention...

According to legend, more than 4,000 years ago, China invented the guide car in the Yellow Emperor era. In the Warring States period, people used "Sinan". Around the 1st century BC, Chinese wizards used a spoon made of magnetite in the shape of a Big Dipper, placed on a smooth copper disk to indicate the North Pole. By about 1090 AD, the Chinese pilot, on a cloudy day, indicated the direction with a compass floating on the water. It was only in the 11th century that Europe learned to make compasses. In 1190, the Italian navigator began to use a bowl of water to float an iron needle, magnetized the iron needle with magnetite or natural magnet, and checked their orientation estimation according to the direction of the iron needle deflection. By about 1250, this kind of thing had developed into a nautical compass. The nautical compass consists of a scale mounted in a glass box and a needle on the fulcrum. It indicates the horizontal direction during the day and is placed in the illuminated compass cabinet at night. The compass is the primary stage of the magnetic compass, and the compass used for navigation is also called the compass. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Italian Joa first connected the direction dial and the magnetic needle made of paper. This is a leap in the development of magnetic compass. From then on, the ship does not have to turn the compass by hand. In the 16th century, Italian Calden made a balance ring, which kept the magnetic compass in the ship's shaking.

The gyro compass, also known as the gyrocompass, is a pointing instrument that provides a true north reference. It is based on the principle that the French scholar Foucault proposed in 1852 to use the gyroscope as a pointing instrument. German Anxus In 1908, the British Brown in 1916 with his full name of the Luo Su, Brown Luo Jing and developed into the Ama-Brown. The gyro compass has two advantages: it is neither deflected by the proximity of the metal nor pointed to the north rather than the magnetic north. The finest compassion was that the American Sperry was very successful in the "Dravui" on the ship in 1911 and was soon adopted by the US Navy. The modern gyro is composed of two parts, the main compass and the auxiliary instrument. Modern gyrocompasses tend to be small in size, light in weight, long in service life, easy to maintain, easy to operate, and suitable for large, medium and small ships. Its sensitive parts are generally made into a sealed sphere and supported by a special liquid to improve its accuracy and reliability. No matter its reliability under harsh environmental conditions, or its degree of precision, it is far from the compass of the year.

Air Pump

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