Understanding of common safety incidents in metal mine production processes
Collapse, object strikes, toppings, falling from heights, shooting accidents, water inrush events, mechanical injuries, occupational hazards, electric shock injuries, etc.
First, collapse
1. The collapse of the well lane
cause:
1) Due to the special conditions of geological conditions near the mine, such as the development of joints of minerals and rocks, there are many small faults, and the slopes of the collapsed slopes are close to the surface weathering, and the muddy deposits deposited on the fault plane, The adhesion of the fault plane is reduced due to humidity, and the slope angle of the fault plane of the collapsed rock is 35 degrees, which is larger than the inclination angle of the rock layer (20 degrees), and the center of gravity on the cross section and its support point on the step slope. The slope angle is about 50 degrees, which is much larger than the natural angle of repose of the rock (37-38 degrees), which causes the part of the ore to produce a natural downward force. When the force is greater than the adhesion on the fault plane, the ore is The rock produces a layer-by-layer slip, and under the vibration of the down-hole drilling machine and the excavator shovel loading operation, the in-situ sliding of the unstable ore rock is accelerated, thereby forming a collapse.
2) Caused by human factors, such as poor miner blasting technology, lack of comprehensive knowledge of mine geology, etc., the lack of understanding and insufficient attention to the location where the construction situation is relatively special may cause collapse accidents. At the same time, the mine manager did not formulate relatively complete regulations on mine safety management and measures to prevent collapse accidents. On the other hand, it is the mine management staff's interest is too heavy, so that miners carry out dangerous operations in the underground without safety.
2. The tailings pond collapses
1) Seepage damage. In the design of the dam body, the slope is too steep, and the seepage water overflows from the water filtering body; the clay anti-seepage body design section of the complex section earth dam is insufficient or lacks a good transition layer with the downstream dam body, so that the anti-seepage body is destroyed. Seepage; for the downstream flood protection, the flooding protection may be insufficient, the drainage body will be fouled during flood discharge, forcing the downstream immersion line of the dam to rise, and the seepage will overflow from the slope; during the construction process, the filling soil is not strictly controlled and adjusted according to requirements. The water content of the material causes the compaction to fail to meet the design requirements; after repairing the tailings pond, there is no corresponding maintenance, because there are animals such as termites, cockroaches, snakes, and rats in the dam body, or Because the earthquake causes the dam body or the anti-seepage body to have a penetrating transverse crack, etc., the seepage will be sent and received, causing the tailings pond to collapse!
2) Flood shocks. In the rainy season, when the rain is sufficient, it is likely to cause flash floods. The floods will rush down and rush to the tailings reservoir, causing the tailings in the reservoir to leak out, causing corresponding personnel injuries and safety accidents. This reason is about 5%.
3) The dam is unstable. Due to the construction of the tailings pond, some engineering teams cut corners and reduced the materials, which made the built dam itself unreliable and could not withstand the damage of some natural disasters.
Second, the top piece help
cause:
The rock is not stable enough, and when the strong ground pressure is transmitted to the roof or the two gangs, the rock is destroyed and stowed. As the heading face and the mining face advance, the open top area of ​​the working face gradually increases, and the roof and Zhoubang rock will undergo some deformation due to the redistribution of stress, so that cracks appear in some places everywhere. At the same time, the rock layer gradually expands under the pressure.
In this case, the integrity of roof destroys the stone, since damage the integrity of the roof rock, giving rise to a normal bending of the top plate, the cracks gradually expanded, if the inappropriate production technology and management organizations, may form the roof rock Drowning.
1) Unreasonable mining methods and poor roof management. If the mining sequence, rock blasting, and scaffolding are not properly performed, the horizontal layered filling mining method is mistakenly adopted in the area where the rock in the roof of the ore body is soft, the haircut is reached, and the faults are cracked, which is easy to cause the roof. The accident happened.
2) Lack of effective support, that is, improper support, lack of timely support or lack of support, support of the support and pressure of the top plate are not suitable.
3) Inconsistent inspection and negligence. Since the top plate is subjected to the impact and vibration of the blast wave to generate new cracks, or the original faults and cracks are increased, the stability of the top plate is destroyed, and this period of time is often just the time for the workers to work under the roof.
4) The pumice treatment is improperly handled. When the pumice is handled, the position is improper, and the operation technique of the broomman is unskilled, which is likely to cause the corresponding accident.
5) Natural conditions such as geological deposits are not good. If the ore is a geological structure such as faults and folds, because of its joints, layer haircuts, and many cracks, coupled with the role of fissure water, the stability of the roof is destroyed.
6) Human reasons. Such as: do not follow the operating procedures to operate, the spirit is not concentrated, the mind is paralyzed, and the danger is not treated in time.
Third, blasting safety
cause:
Explosives are stored in poor storage, such as: failure to enter and good ventilation, so that the explosives are damp; no frequent determination of the temperature and humidity of the warehouse; exposure to open flames in the explosive storage area, inadvertent detonation, etc.; Toxic gases emitted, such as SO2, CO, CH4, H2S, etc., poison the workers;
a blind cannon caused by a slow gun and a poor quality of the fuse;
4 blind cannons are not handled properly;
5 After the blasting, the staff will enter the site too early, so that the mine that has not been fully ventilated is full of toxic gases, causing poisoning;
6 When the blasting is not strict, the blasting signal is not clear, and the safety distance is not enough;
7 When the roadway is driven into the roadway, both sides blast at the same time, and the staff opposite to each other are injured, causing heavy casualties;
8 Fei Shi injured people, because the fly-off distance of the flying stone was not calculated before the blasting, there was no reasonable warning range, and the minimum resistance line was not clarified, so that the ore that flew out during the blasting process injured people;
Fourth , the water inrush event
cause:
1) If the water inrush accident has certain suddenness and sudden phase, it will bring certain difficulties to the emergency insurance of the accident, resulting in casualties in the process of rescue equipment.
2) Because the amount of water inflow is too large, the construction unit only undertakes one main wellbore project, the geological data is limited, and the analysis is insufficient, resulting in a flooding accident. In the work of sending rescue equipment, the security measures are not detailed or incomplete.
3) coal mine infrastructure construction companies enter the market, due to the contracting of projects Party, party relations and constraints on economic management system in the flow, but also for the construction team in dealing with security and economic interests, bring some difficult decisions, Delays in accident rescue.
4) The leaders of the department (workshops) did not follow the "safety first" policy, insisted on timely seizing and observing the changes in the disaster situation, but agreed with Party A to guarantee the second turn, which is also one of the causes of casualties.
5) In the event of an abnormality in the catastrophe, a sudden surge in water inflow, and a disruption in the downhole signal, the rushing person was sent to the second to inform the second transferor, and the measures were not fine and weak, causing the bucket to be lowered into the water when it was lowered.
V. Occupational hazards
Because the common occupational diseases in metal mines in China are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide poisoning, lead manganese and its compound poisoning, silicosis, asbestosis lung, talc pneumoconiosis, noise sputum and tumors caused by radioactive materials. In addition, the noise and vibration hazards are also serious. Due to the improvement of the mechanization level of the underground, the exhaust gas generated by a large number of used diesel equipment has not been effectively treated, and the air pollution to the underground is serious.
Hazard factors:
1) Chemical factors . Some productive poisons, such as lead, benzene, mercury , carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.; production dust, such as mineral dust, coal dust, metal dust, organic dust.
2) Physical factors . Including bad weather conditions, such as high temperature, high humidity, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure; productive noise, vibration; ionizing radiation, such as X-ray; non-ionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet, infrared, high frequency electromagnetic field, microwave, laser.
3) Biological factors . It mainly refers to pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic parasites such as Bacillus anthracis, forest encephalitis, and viruses.
6. Mine ventilation safety
Mine ventilation is an important condition to ensure the safe production of metal mines. The basic task of mine ventilation is to use safe, economical and effective ventilation methods to supply enough fresh air to dilute and remove toxic and harmful gases and dusts, and adjust downhole climatic conditions to ensure the safety and health of underground workers and improve labor. Production efficiency. In many cases, the safety accidents caused by ventilation are mostly due to the completion of blasting and other work that easily generate more dust and toxic gases. No complete ventilation is provided. In order to improve work efficiency, the wells are lowered in advance, causing the workers to go downhole. Poor ventilation and poisoning accidents. And the long-term work in the underground made the miners get occupational diseases such as silicosis, asbestosis, talc and pneumoconiosis. It poses a threat to the personal safety of miners!
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